Here we need a possessive determiner.

Before a noun like shoes, English uses my, your, his, her, our, their.

We choose a / an by sound, not by spelling.

English starts with a vowel sound /ˈɪŋ-/, so we say an English student.

From shows origin — where a person comes from, where they started. It answers the question: Where are you originally?

So: “We’re Italian. We’re from Rome.” = Rome is our origin.

We use IS / ARE to ask about how someone is (appearance, state).

We use DO / DOES to ask about what someone does (actions).

Here we need possession. We want to say: Lena is the friend of my aunt. In English we show this with ’s.

After can / can’t, we use the base verb (no to, no -s, no -ing). So we say: Mark can’t play tennis today.

We say There is because a nice café is one thing.

• There is + one thing
• There are + many things

In English, we ask questions with do + subject + verb. So we say Do you have …?

We talk about now and about a habit because of usually. Amina is she (third person singular), so in the negative we use doesn’t + base verb.

So the sentence is: Amina doesn’t usually go to school on foot.

We talk about the past because of last night. In past questions, we use did + subject + base verb.

We talk about the past because of yesterday. With they, the past form of be is were. The negative form is weren’t.

Because shouting is an -ing form, we need be + -ing. So we ask: Why are you shouting?

After the blank, we have to travel. Only going to can be followed by to + verb. So we say: are you going to travel.

We do not say will you to travel — that is wrong.

The sentence is about the letter, not the person. We do not say who sent it, we only say what happened to the letter. “Yesterday afternoon” is a finished time in the past, so we use past simple. Because the letter receives the action, we use was sent.

We say I’ve because the sentence is about life experience.

“I’ve never seen that movie before” means the movie was not seen at any time before now. We use have + seen for this kind of idea.

This sentence is about a general fact. We are not saying who makes the watches, only where.

So we use the Present Simple passive: are made. Correct sentence: Seiko watches are made in Japan.

This is a Past Simple question. We are asking about a finished moment in the past: when you met her. In Past Simple questions, we use did + base verb.

This is the First Conditional. We use it for a real and possible future situation. After if, we use Present Simple, not will.

That’s why we say: If I meet him, I’ll tell him about the job.

Since you arrived shows a time from the past until now. For this meaning, English uses Present Perfect, not Past Simple.

Have you been doing is Present Perfect Continuous. We use it to ask about activities over a period of time, not just one finished action.

Did you do and was/were you doing are past forms. They talk about a finished past time, so they do not work with since. That is why have you been doing is correct.

Kombucha is a thing, not a person. A thing is third person singular, so we use has, not have. Has been made means it started in the past and is still true now. “For many years” tells us the action continues until today.

That is why has been made is correct.

We use used to + base verb to talk about a past situation that is not true now.

I used to live in Colombia means I lived there before, but I do not live there now.

This sentence is a Second Conditional. We use the Second Conditional to talk about an alternative today — something that is not real now, but we imagine it.

We use -ed adjectives to talk about people and their feelings. She feels strong interest and energy, so she is motivated.

We use -ing adjectives to talk about the source of the feeling. Something can be motivating, but a person is motivated.

Mustn’t means it is not allowed. It is a strong rule. Smoking in school is against the rules, so we use mustn’t.

• Can’t is about ability, not rules.
• Shouldn’t is advice, not a strict rule.
• Doesn’t can is not correct English.

Might is used when something is possible but uncertain. The speaker is not sure if it will happen. Could is possible, but it often sounds more polite or theoretical. In this sentence, might is the clearest choice for real uncertainty.

Smoking is a gerund (-ing form). We use -ing when an activity is the subject of the sentence. Here, the activity itself is bad for you.

We use have to when something is necessary because of the situation. Here, the reason is clear: otherwise I’ll miss the bus. This is not advice and not a personal opinion. It is a real, practical necessity.

We use the with country names that include words like Republic, Kingdom, States. The Dominican Republic is the full official name of the country, so we need the.

This is a non-defining relative clause. The comma shows that the information is extra, not essential. We use which to add extra information about a thing. Here, which I built gives additional information about the building.

This is reported speech. The original sentence uses present perfect: haven’t seen. When we report it after he said, we move one step back in time. So haven’t seen becomes hadn’t seen.

We use -ed adjectives for how a person feels. We use -ing adjectives for the thing that causes the feeling.

Here, I’m really surprised means this is my feeling. The information she told me is surprising, but I am surprised. So surprised is correct because it describes the person’s emotion, not the source.

The action is in the past: Jack already left. We use had to to talk about past necessity — something was necessary at that time.

We are talking about the future. After as soon as, we use present simple, not will. So we say he gets the tickets. In the main part of the sentence, we talk about what will happen after that, so we use will: he will phone you.

That’s why the correct answer is: As soon as he gets tickets, he will phone you.

We talk about a long action that continued up to a point in the past (“before he moved”). The living happened earlier and lasted for a period of time, and then another past event happened. For this meaning, we use past perfect continuous: had been + verb-ing.

That is why had been living is correct.

We are talking about something happening now (“at the moment / right now”). The laptop is not repairing itself; someone else is repairing it, so we need passive voice.

For an action happening now in the passive, we use is being + past participle. That is why is being repaired is correct.

This sentence is about an unreal situation now. I am not you, but I imagine it. After if, we use were (not was) to show this is imaginary. In the result part, we use would to show the possible result. So the correct pattern is if + were, would + base verb.

We use for to say how long something continues. “The last two years” is a length of time, so we need for.

• Since is used with a starting point, not with a length.
• During is used with events or periods like “the lesson” or “the summer”.
• Starting does not work as a preposition here.

This sentence talks about a past situation that did not happen. The speaker did not know the fact in the past, so the action did not happen either. In English, we use wouldn’t have + past participle to talk about a result in the past that did not happen. The part “if I had known” already shows past unreal condition, so the main clause must be wouldn’t have told.

The other options do not correctly show a past unreal result.

We are talking about the past, but we are not sure about the exact fact. We are making a guess. In English, to make a guess about the past, we use might have been + past participle. The word built is a past participle, and been is needed because this is passive voice. The house did not build itself; someone built it.

The other options do not correctly show uncertainty about the past or do not form a correct passive structure.

After I wish, we use the past simple to talk about a present situation that is not true. Right now I don’t know her phone number, so we say I wish I knew. The second sentence shows the result of this unreal situation: if I knew the number, I would call her.

After manage, we use to + verb.

So we say: didn’t manage to get downtown.

This is reported speech. The original question is in the past: “Why did you leave the company?”

When we report a past question using asked, we usually move the verb one step back in time.

did leave → had left

So we say: She asked me why I had left the company.

This is the causative: have + object + past participle. It means another person will do the work for you. The option repaired fits this structure; the other forms do not.

The sentence criticizes a past action that caused a bad result. With shouldn’t, we use have been + -ing to talk about an action in progress before the accident. Other options do not match this past-criticism meaning.

After sound / look, English uses an adjective, not an adverb → terrible. After feel, when we talk about a state or condition, we also use an adjective → bad.

Adverbs (terribly, badly) describe actions, not states.

The subject is he (third person singular), so the verb takes -s: tends. After tend, English uses to + verb. So the correct form is tends to say.

This is a non-defining relative clause after a comma. The structure is number + of + which to refer back to a noun phrase (buildings).

• which works after a comma and can follow of.

• that cannot be used after a comma.

• them is a pronoun, not a relative word.

• whose shows possession, not quantity.

The sentence talks about a past situation and says what would have been better to do. We use should have + past participle to:

• criticize a past action,

• say something was the right idea, but it did not happen.

That is why:

• should have dealt — correct form for past advice or criticism

In order is used to talk about purpose. After in order, English uses the to-infinitive: in order + to + verb.

This structure shows a direct relationship: when one thing changes, another thing changes at the same time. English uses a special comparative pattern: the + comparative, the + comparative. Both parts need:

• the

• a comparative form (higher, colder, faster, harder)

The sentence talks about a past condition that did not happen and a past result that also did not happen. This is a third conditional. The structure is:

• if + past perfect

• would + have + past participle

The question asks about duration from the past until now.

The person got the car in the past and still has it now.

To ask about how long something has been true up to the present, we use present perfect: have you had.

The sentence is about now and describes ability / understanding. Hardly is already a negative-meaning adverb (= almost not). So we need a positive auxiliary, not a negative one.

We already have will before the blank. So we are choosing what comes after will.

The sentence talks about a future result that will be finished before another future moment (before he reaches the city). To show this idea, English uses will + have + past participle. That’s why the correct choice is have spent.

The sentence “Open the door, ____?” is an imperative.

In tag questions, the tag depends on the finite verb and the explicit subject of the main clause.

An imperative has no explicit subject (the subject you is understood, but not expressed).

Because there is no explicit subject and no finite verb form to copy, English uses will in the tag to ask about the listener’s willingness to do the action.

The sentence shows two past events:

• first: the waiting (for over an hour),
• then: the doctor arrived.

The waiting was in progress before the second past event happened.

To show a long action continuing up to another moment in the past, we use past perfect continuous.

That is why had been waiting is correct.

After the blank, we see a full sentence:

• the water was very cold (subject + verb).

Only although can be followed by a full sentence.

• ✅ although + full sentence → correct

• ❌ despite / in spite of → need a noun or -ing, not a sentence

• ❌ however → cannot be used inside one sentence like this

After accused of, we use a gerund (verb + -ing).

So the correct form is being involved.